Dynamic Data Driven Applications System Concept for Information Fusion

AbstractWe present a framework of Information Fusion (IF) using the Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS) concept. Existing literature at the intersection of these two topics supports environmental modeling (e.g., terrain understanding) for context enhanced applications. Taking advantage of sensor models, statistical methods, and situation- specific spatio-temporal fusion products derived from wide area sensor networks, DDDAS demonstrates robust multi-scale and multi-resolution geographical terrain computations. We highlight the complementary nature of these seemingly parallel approaches and propose a more integrated analytical framework in the context of a cooperative multimodal sensing application. In particular, we use a Wide-Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) application to draw parallels and contrasts between IF and DDDAS systems that warrants an integrated perspective. This elementary work is aimed at triggering a sequence of deeper insightful research towards exploiting sparsely sampled piecewise dense WAMI measurements – an application where the challenges of big-data with regards to mathematical fusion relationships and high-performance computations remain significant and will persist. Dynamic data-driven adaptive computations are required to effectively handle the challenges with exponentially increasing data volume for advanced information fusion systems solutions such as simultaneous target tracking and identification

Extraordinary Transmission and Enhanced Emission with Metallic Gratings Having Converging-Diverging Channels

Transmission metallic gratings having the shape of converging-diverging channel (CDC) give an extra degree of freedom to exhibit enhanced transmission resonances. By varying the gap size at the throat of CDC, the spectral locations of the transmission resonance bands can be shifted close to each other and have high transmittance in a very narrow energy band. Hence, the CDC shape metallic gratings can lead to almost perfect transmittance for any desired wavelength by carefully optimizing the metallic material, gap at the throat of CDC, and grating parameters. In addition, a cavity surrounded by the CDC shaped metallic grating and a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) can lead to an enhanced emission with properties similar to a laser. The large coherence length of the emission is achieved by exploiting the coherence properties of the surface waves on the gratings and PhC. The new multilayer structure can attain the spectral and directional control of emission with only p-polarization. The resonance condition inside the cavity is extremely sensitive to the wavelength, which would then lead to high emission in a very narrow wavelength band. Such simple 1D multilayer structure should be easy to fabricate and have applications in photonic circuits, thermophotovoltaics, and potentially in energy efficient incandescent sources

Negative Refraction Using Frequency-Tuned Oxide Multilayer Structure

An oxide-based multilayer structure was proposed to realize negative refraction. The multilayer composes of alternative layers having negative permittivity and negative permeability, respectively. In order to realize negative refraction, their dielectric and magnetic resonances of layers will be tuned to the frequency as close as possibly via changing their temperature, composition, structure, and so forth. Such oxide-based NIMs are attractive for their potential applications as optical super lenses, imagers, optical cloaking, sensors, and so forth, those are required with low-loss, low-cost, and good fabrication flexibility

A Nanotechnology Enhancement to Moore's Law

Intel Moore observed an exponential doubling in the number of transistors in every 18 months through the size reduction of transistor components since 1965. In viewing of mobile computing with insatiate appetite, we explored the necessary enhancement by an increasingly maturing nanotechnology and facing the inevitable quantum-mechanical atomic and nuclei limits. Since we cannot break down the atomic size barrier, the fact implies a fundamental size limit at the atomic/nucleus scale. This means, no more simple 18-month doubling, but other forms of transistor doubling may happen at a different slope. We are particularly interested in the nano enhancement area. (i) 3 Dimensions: If the progress in shrinking the in-plane dimensions is to slow down, vertical integration can help increasing the areal device transistor density. As the devices continue to shrink into the 20 to 30 nm range, the consideration of thermal properties and transport in such devices becomes increasingly important. (ii) Quantum computing: The other types of transistor material are rapidly developed in laboratories worldwide, for example, Spintronics, Nanostorage, HP display Nanotechnology, which are modifying this Law. We shall consider the limitation of phonon engineering fundamental information unit “Qubyte” in quantum computing, Nano/Micro Electrical Mechanical System (NEMS), Carbon Nanotubes, single-layer Graphenes, single-strip Nano-Ribbons, and so forth

Image Fusion of the Terahertz-Visual NAECON Grand Challenge Data

Terahertz (THz) sensing has been developed over the past three decades for concealed weapons detection, medical imaging, and non-destructive evaluation; however methods for THz image exploitation have not been well reported. We test a multiscale image fusion algorithm for the 2011 IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conf. (NAECON) Grand Challenge which consists of Terahertz (THz) and visual images. The study consists of image characterization (signals distribution), image processing (data fusion), and image analysis (edge detection). We found that THz image characterization did not necessarily follow a distinct Gaussian distribution, THz imagery fusion with visual data supported target detection, and that image analysis enhanced target assessment. For the initial experiment, we assess the target segmentation through edge detection, image fusion results, and image fusion quality assessment. The preliminary image exploitation and fusion results can further develop THz collection over clothing-obscured concealed weapons imaging, parameter optimization, and targeting evaluation